ABSTRACT
(Figura 1) La imagen de la portada de la edición especial de pediatría hace parte de una experiencia de voluntariado social que realizo como pediatra en formación en la Fundación Posada de Moisés, una institución sin ánimo de lucro, creada en la ciudad de Medellín hace 21 años, con el objetivo social de prestar servicios de desarrollo integral a niñas, niños y adolescentes víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia, sin distinción de raza, procedencia o situación económica, generando impacto en más de 200 niños desde su creación, abarcando componentes académicos, psicológicos, alimentarios, pero el más importante la integración social por medio del amor y apoyo constante.
(Figure 1) The image on the cover of the Pediatrics special edition is part of a social volunteering experience that I carried out as a Pediatrics Resident at the Posada de Moisés Foundation, a non-profit institution, created in Medellín 21 years ago, with the social objective of providing integral development services to children and adolescents who are victims of forced displacement in Colombia, without distinction of race, origin or economic situation, generating an impact on more than 200 children since its creation, in academic, psychological, food scopes, but most important, in social integration through love and constant support.
Subject(s)
Pediatrics , Volunteers , Child , Human Migration , FoundationsABSTRACT
Objective To understand the current status of Chinese medical researchers' knowledge regarding the ethical norms of the research involving humans or laboratory animals,and provide reference for further improving the ethics review norms. Methods The questionnaire method was employed to survey the applicants for the 2019 projects supported by the Department of Medical Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) about their knowledge of ethical requirements.Furthermore,the ethical supervision of the NSFC and affiliations at the project application and implementation stages was analyzed. Results The survey showed that 29.9% medical researchers were familiar with NSFC's ethical requirements for research involving human or laboratory animals.During the project application stage,59.0% affiliations adopted the simplified review method.Regarding the ethical supervison,95.5% medical researchers believed that the affiliations should fulfill the ethical supervision obligations and take relevant measures during the project implementation period.In addition,55.0% medical researchers fully agreed to discuss with the review experts about the ethical issues involved in the project. Conclusions The NSFC should establish rules and regulations to improve institutional management responsibilities and institutionalize the training about research ethics to comprehensively strengthening the training.Taking the management of research project ethics as a starting point,the NSFC should form a multi-party linkage between project funding and management and establish an accountability mechanism for ethics management.Furthermore,the NSFC should double the endeavors at the review of ethical issues during expert review and process management and attach importance to the research,judgment,and prevention of ethical risks.
Subject(s)
Humans , Foundations , Biomedical Research , China , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
This study mainly introduced the research on Chinese medicine toxicology funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) in 2012-2021 and analyzed the research content. Furthermore, key research topics and characteristic research projects were discussed, such as the toxicity mechanism, relationship between toxicity and efficacy, toxicity-alleviating mechanisms, and new technology and methods. The review suggested that researchers should gain an in-depth understanding of the "toxicity" of Chinese me-dicine, turned to characteristic research topics, and build a toxicological research paradigm suited to the characteristics of Chinese medicine in project application.
Subject(s)
China , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
Through a retrospective analysis of the projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past ten years in the field of Chinese medicine for the treatment of malignant tumors, this article systematically summarized the main research contents and hotspots of Chinese medicine in efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction. The efficacy enhancement of Chinese medicine mainly included the mitigation of molecule-targeted drug resistance, multidrug resistance, and chemotherapy resistance, synergistic efficacy enhancement, and radiotherapy sensitization. The toxicity reduction is mainly reflected in the alleviation of the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, Chinese medicine has advantages in reducing serious adverse reactions of malignant tumors, providing more options for the adjuvant treatment of tumors.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science Disciplines , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: la violencia es un fenómeno psicosocial, considerado un problema de salud pública que genera graves consecuencias en las mujeres. La dependencia emocional podría ser un factor esencial para que una mujer tolere situaciones de violencia. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la dependencia emocional y la violencia en mujeres atendidas en la Fundación Nosotras con Equidad, de Riobamba, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal, analítico, bivariado y de nivel relacional, en una población de 300 mujeres de 18 a 65 años de la Fundación Nosotras con Equidad, de Riobamba, durante el primer semestre de 2020. Para el procesamiento de datos de dependencia emocional y violencia se utilizó el programa IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0; para el análisis estadístico-descriptivo gráficos de barras agrupadas, y para el análisis bivariado el coeficiente de correlación tau-b de Kendall. Resultados: se evidenció que 237 mujeres presentaron dependencia emocional moderada (79,0 %) y que 279 indicaron haber sufrido violencia de pareja severa (93,0%). La correlación entre la dependencia emocional y la violencia psicológica es media positiva (0.473). Conclusiones: en las mujeres víctimas de violencia se hallaron altos niveles de dependencia emocional y se evidenció una correlación media positiva entre la violencia psicológica y la dependencia emocional. En la variable de dependencia emocional se observaron como indicadores relevantes el miedo a la soledad, a ser abandonada, lo que representa una forma de rechazo a su autoestima, manteniéndose sumergida en una relación violenta (AU).
ABSTRACT Introduction: violence is a psychosocial phenomenon, considered a public health problem that generates serious consequences for women. Emotional dependence could be an important factor for a woman to tolerate situations of violence. Objective: to determine the relationship between emotional dependence and violence in women attended at the FundaciónNosotras con Equidad, of Riobamba, Ecuador. Materials and methods: an observational, prospective, cross-sectional, analytical, bivariate and relational study was conducted in a population of 300 women aged 18 to 65 years from the FundaciónNosotras con Equidad, of Riobamba, during the first semester of 2020. The IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 program was used for processing emotional dependence and violence data; for statistical-descriptive analysis, grouped bar graphs, and for bivariate analysis, the correlation coefficient tau-b of Kendall. Results: it was shown that 237 women had moderate emotional dependence (79.0%) and 279 reported that they had suffered severe partner violence (93.0%). The correlation between emotional dependence and psychological violence is average positive (0.473). Conclusions: high levels of emotional dependence were found in women victims of violence and an average positive correlation between psychological violence and emotional dependence was evident. In the variable of emotional dependence, the fear of loneliness, of being abandoned, was observed as relevant indicators, which represents a form of rejection of their self-esteem, remaining immersed in a violent relationship (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dependency, Psychological , Violence Against Women , Women , World Health Organization , Psychosocial Impact , Foundations/standards , Foundations/trendsABSTRACT
No âmbito das políticas neoliberais, é possível localizar, na história recente do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, gestões que aderiram fielmente a esses preceitos, como o recente governo de José Ivo Sartori (2015-2018). Essa optou por combinações de políticas de austeridade e de reformas a partir da diminuição da participação do Estado na sociedade. Nosso artigo busca refletir sobre as condições de vida e de trabalho dos servidores públicos estaduais gaúchos frente à crise e compreender como um casal de servidores engendra possibilidades de enfrentamento à precarização das relações de trabalho - produto da gestão neoliberal - que outrora estruturavam a vida familiar. A partir das histórias de vida de Maria e João, discorremos sobre a flagrante piora nas condições de trabalho, seja na infraestrutura e no remanejamento arbitrário, seja nos planos de carreira ou mesmo em suas estabilidades. Refletimos que, no âmbito da crise, há precarização da vida e na produção da subjetividade desses trabalhadores, o que desemboca na assunção de novos papéis sociais e reconfigurações relacionais na conjugalidade.
Within the scope of neoliberal policies, it is possible to locate, in the recent history of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, administrations that faithfully adhered to these precepts, such as the José Ivo Sartori's administration (2015-2018). This administration opted for austerity and reform policy combinations, based on the decrease of the State's participation in society. Our article seeks to reflect on the living and working conditions of the State's civil servants in the face of the crisis and to understand how a couple of civil servants engender possibilities of coping with the precariousness - a product of neoliberal management - of labor relations that once structured family life. Based on the life stories of Maria and João, we talk about the flagrant worsening in working conditions, whether in infrastructure and arbitrary relocation, in career plans or even in their stability. We reflect that, in the crisis, there is a precariousness in workers' life and production of subjectivity, which leads to the assumption of new social roles and relational configurations in conjugality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Politics , Public Policy , Labor Relations , Family Conflict , Government Employees , Foundations , Unemployment , Privatization , EmploymentABSTRACT
Resumo Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise das ações de divulgação e popularização da ciência na Fiocruz a partir de duas perspectivas. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar como se organiza um sistema de divulgação e popularização da ciência em uma instituição científica de grande porte e como esse sistema se articula com seu discurso institucional. Além de fazer uma breve revisão da evolução do tema na história da Fiocruz, realizamos um levantamento de como o mesmo tem sido tratado nos documentos oficiais de planejamento. Com o mapeamento das ações realizadas em 2015 e 2016, foi possível compreender melhor esse universo e classificá-lo de acordo com suas características junto ao público.
Abstract An analysis is presented of actions taken by the Brazilian research institution Fiocruz for the communication and popularization of science, from two perspectives. The aim was to investigate how a system for the communication and popularization of science is organized at a large scientific institution and how it is articulated with the institutional discourse. A brief review is presented of how the topic has developed over the history of Fiocruz, followed by a discussion of the way it has been addressed in its official planning documents. The science communication/popularization actions undertaken in 2015 and 2016 were mapped out and classified according to how they interact with the public, giving a better understanding of this area.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Science/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Science/education , Brazil , Academies and Institutes/organization & administration , Foundations/historyABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine is a subject that studies the dynamic changes of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of complex components of traditional Chinese medicine, which is an important method for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis, action characteristics, and compatibility mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. However, given on the fact that traditional Chinese medicine is a multi-dimensional and complex system with multiple components, multiple pathways, multiple targets, and an unclear pharmacodynamic material basis, the research on the pharmacokinetics of traditio-nal Chinese medicine has become a scientific and technological problem. Although the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine has achieved remarkable development with the emergence of new theories, methods and technologies, there are still some problems in the application of the research direction of the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine judging from the current application of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Therefore, this article discussed the current research status on pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines by analyzing the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past 5 years from 2016 to 2020, mainly including the application and funding analysis, main research contents of the projects in pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines. And the research hotspots, difficulties and deficiencies were focused in order to provide certain reference for researchers engaged in pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
China , Financial Management , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
Em razão do número significativo de crianças maiores e adolescentes disponíveis para o processo de adoção no Cadastro Nacional de Adoção, e de a idade representar um fator de restrição e obstáculo para os pretendentes à adoção, torna-se necessário desmistificar as crenças enraizadas sobre adoção tardia. Pensando nessas questões, o presente estudo objetiva compreender os aspectos psicológicos e comportamentais das crianças e dos pais por adoção, comumente presentes no período de adaptação e convivência pós-adotiva, e analisar as atitudes dos pais diante dos obstáculos, observando a eficácia da preparação necessária aos pretendentes à adoção. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada consistiu inicialmente em embasar teoricamente a adoção tardia e suas fases de adaptação, com fundamentação psicanalítica, para a compreensão abrangente do assunto, e em uma pesquisa de campo com dois casais, pais por adoção que se encontravam no período de convivência de seis meses a um ano, para coletar dados relevantes e os correlacionar com a teoria. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, foram apontados os estágios de convivência e os aspectos psicológicos envolvidos nesse processo, bem como a importância de os pretendentes à adoção se instrumentalizarem com informações e se prepararem para a filiação afetiva. Assim, mesmo com todas as dificuldades que possam surgir no processo de adaptação na adoção tardia, em virtude de fatores como idade, preconceitos, mitos e histórico prévio de vida da criança, conclui-se que o afeto e a adoção recíproca prevalecem a qualquer desafio e que, se a experiência da adoção tardia for bem orientada, pode apresentar excelentes resultados.(AU)
Before the significant number of older children and adolescents available for adoption in the National Adoption Register, and considering age as both a restriction factor and an obstacle, rooted beliefs concerning late adoption must be demystified. In this scenario, this study aimed to understand the psychological and behavioral features of children and their adopting parents during the adjustment period soon after adoption, besides analyzing parents' attitudes toward obstacles in light of the necessary preparation on the part of couples intending to adopt. Based on psychoanalytical principles, this study first sets the theoretical foundations of late adoption and its adjustment phases to reach a comprehensive understanding of the issue. To collect data and relate them to the underlying theory, a field research was conducted with two adopting couples in the adjustment period, which ranges from six months to a year. The results indicate the adjustment phases and psychological features underlying this process, besides stressing the importance of parents who intend to adopt for searching for information on the issue and preparing themselves for an affective adoption. Despite the difficulties in late-adoption adaptation - due to age, prejudices, myths, and the previous lives of children, - affection and mutual adoption can overcome any challenges that may arise. Moreover, if the late adoption process is adequately guided, it may present excellent results.(AU)
Debido al número significativo de niños mayores y adolescentes disponibles para el proceso de adopción en el Catastro Nacional de Adopción, y siendo la edad un factor de restricción y obstáculo para los adoptantes, es necesario desmitificar las creencias en relación a la adopción tardía. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto comprender los aspectos psicológicos y comportamentales de los niños y de los padres por adopción, comúnmente presentes en el período de adaptación y convivencia postadoptiva, así como analizar las actitudes de los padres ante a los obstáculos, observando la eficacia de la preparación necesaria para los aspirantes a adopción. Para ello, la metodología adoptada consistió inicialmente en basar teóricamente la adopción tardía y sus fases de adaptación, con fundamentación psicoanalítica, para una comprensión más amplia del asunto, y una investigación de campo con dos parejas, que son padres por adopción entre seis meses a un año, para recoger datos relevantes y correlacionarlos con la teoría. Los resultados apuntan las etapas de convivencia y los aspectos psicológicos que involucran este proceso, así como la importancia de los aspirantes a adopción para conseguir informaciones y prepararse para la filiación afectiva. Incluso con todas las dificultades que puedan surgir en el proceso de adaptación en la adopción tardía, en virtud de la edad, de los prejuicios, mitos y por el histórico previo de vida que el niño carga, se concluye que el afecto y la adopción recíproca prevalecen ante cualquier desafío y que si bien orientada la experiencia de la adopción tardía se puede presentar excelentes resultados.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Prejudice , Psychoanalysis , Adoption , Affect , Emotions , Parents , Psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Family , Life , Orphanages , Comprehension , Foundations , Child, Adopted , MalpracticeABSTRACT
Muitas alternativas de gestão de unidades públicas de saúde têm sido discutidas com o objetivo de aumentar a eficiência destas e garantir melhorias no atendimento e serviços prestados à população em geral. Dentre os diversos modelos de gerência atualmente em voga, como opção à administração direta tem-se: Fundações Públicas de direito público e as de direito privado, Autarquia, Consórcio Público, Empresa Estatal, vínculos paraestatais e de colaboração, Organização Social (OS), Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público (OSCIP) e Fundação de Apoio.
Many alternatives for the management of public health units have been discussed with the objective of increasing their efficiency and ensuring improvements in care and services provided to the general population. Among the various management models currently in vogue, as an option for direct administration are: Public Foundations of public law and those of private law, Municipality, Public Consortium, State Company, parastate and collaborative links, Social Organization (OS), Civil Society Organization of Public Interest (OSCIP) and Support Foundation.
Subject(s)
Foundations/classification , Health Planning Organizations/organization & administration , Hospital Administration/trendsSubject(s)
Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Foundations , Food Supply , Social Class , Venezuela , Projects , Nutritional SciencesABSTRACT
Here we perform a review on applications and funded projects at Division of Physiology and Integrative Biology in Department of Life Sciences sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past ten years. Based on the research fields of applications and funded projects and the funding cost, we analyzed the sub-disciplines of the funded applications, key support areas, research frontiers and trends in the subjects of physiology and integrative biology, which gives us an insight into the future applications to optimize the layout of research areas in Division of Physiology and Integrative Biology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biology , China , Foundations , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
This paper introduces the application and financing of programs of efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicine funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), the Youth Science Fund and the Regional Science Fund from 2016 to 2019, and conducts analysis and summary in terms of research objects and analysis methods, with the aim to provide reference for applicants for programs of efficacy material base of traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
China , Financial Management , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
Objective To understand the trend of funding in the field of forensic science by analyzing the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）. Methods Based on the data of funded projects in the field of forensic science published on NSFC website in the twenty years from 2000 to 2019, the trend of project number and fund, project type, discipline type, funded institution and personnel were analyzed with metrological methods. The funding theme was analyzed through multi-methods. Results In the twenty years, NSFC funded 352 projects in the field of forensic science, including 9 project types, 47 institutions and 213 persons. General programs （184 projects）, forensic toxicology, pathology, and toxicology analysis （H2301, 188 projects）, and the Academy of Forensic Science （37 projects） had the most funded projects. NSFC funded 174.69 million yuan in the field of forensic science. The Excellent Young Scientists Fund （3.50 million yuan/project）, forensic toxicology, pathology, and toxicology analysis （H2301, 78.64 million yuan）, and Xi'an Jiaotong University （23.78 million yuan） had the most funding. The differences in the number and funding of subsidized projects between the first ten years and the last ten years had statistical significance （P<0.05）. The main targets of funding were toxicology research, evidence-related research, estimation-related research, brain injury research, et al. The field of research mainly funded from 2010 to 2019 was interdisciplinary research. Conclusion Since 2010, the number of project, funding of project, the number of institutions and persons funded by NSFC in the field of forensic science showed an increasing trend. The types of disciplines, types of projects and themes of projects are more diverse, which will promote the long-term development of basic forensic research in China.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Financial Management , Forensic Sciences , Foundations , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
Este artículo es una versión actualizada del publicado originalmente al cumplirse los 25 años de la creación del Fondo Martín Baró. Da cuenta del proceso de gestación de un proyecto filantrópico como respuesta a una tragedia. El asesinato de Ignacio Martín-Baró en 1989 es recordado por distintos académicos norteamericanos que lo conocieron y que decidieron continuar con su obra a partir de apoyar proyectos comunitarios y sociales en distintas partes del mundo
This article is an updated version of the one originally published after the 25th anniversary of the creation of the Ignacio Martín Baró Fund for Mental Health and Human Rights. It gives an account of the process of developing this philanthropic project that sought to respond in one small way to a tragedy. The murder of Ignacio Martín-Baró in 1989 is remembered by different American academics who knew him and who decided to continue his work based on upporting community and social projects in different parts of the world
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social , Religion , Projects , Foundations/history , Human RightsABSTRACT
Resumo O artigo analisa a chegada e identificação do mosquito africano Anopheles gambiae no Brasil em 1930 e as primeiras reações de cientistas e autoridades de saúde pública contra as epidemias de malária causadas por essa espécie. Apesar de ter sido reconhecido como perigoso vetor da malária, sua presença em território nacional foi negligenciada a partir de 1932, após ações emergenciais na capital do Rio Grande do Norte, favorecendo um alastramento silencioso que resultou em uma grande epidemia de malária em 1938. São abordadas questões científicas e políticas que contribuíram para que o combate ao mosquito fosse colocado em segundo plano nas articulações entre a Divisão Sanitária Internacional da Fundação Rockefeller e autoridades brasileiras até 1937.
Abstract The article analyzes the arrival and identification of the African mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Brazil in 1930, and the initial reactions of scientists and public health authorities against the epidemics of malaria caused by this species. Although this mosquito was recognized as a dangerous vector of malaria, its presence in Brazil was neglected after initial emergency actions in the city of Natal in 1932; this encouraged it to spread silently, resulting in a major malaria epidemic in 1938. This article examines scientific and political issues which caused the fight against mosquitoes to be pushed into the background until 1937 in cooperative efforts between the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division and the Brazilian authorities.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Mosquito Control/history , Epidemics/history , Mosquito Vectors , Malaria/history , Anopheles , Brazil/epidemiology , Mosquito Control/methods , Federal Government/history , Epidemics/prevention & control , Foundations/history , Malaria/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Resumo Analisa a formação do médico Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto, com passagens pela Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro e pelo Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, bem como sua atuação na divulgação do projeto da Fundação Rockefeller no Brasil. A partir de testamento, relatos orais, tese de doutoramento e notícias de jornais, é possível compreender as especificidades da turma de 1913 do Curso de Aplicação do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz e como seus estudantes estiveram articulados em ações relativas ao projeto de saúde internacional. O texto evidencia que a defesa dos acordos com a Fundação Rockefeller podia causar controvérsias, negociações e concessões em estados onde ela ainda não havia penetrado, como ocorreu em Pernambuco.
Abstract The article analyzes the education and training of the physician Antônio Luis Cavalcanti de Albuquerque de Barros Barreto, who studied at both the Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Medicine and Oswaldo Cruz Institute and who promoted the Rockefeller Foundation's project in Brazil. An examination of a will, oral accounts, Barros Barreto's medical thesis, and newspaper reports reveals characteristics of the class of 1913 at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute Specialization Program and shows how these students engaged in the foundation's international health initiatives. The text demonstrates how the idea of partnering with the foundation fueled controversies, impelled negotiations, and led to concessions in states where the foundation had yet to establish its presence, as in Pernambuco.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Internationality/history , Academies and Institutes/history , Foundations/history , Physicians/history , Brazil , Education, Medical/historyABSTRACT
An opportunity was afforded me to consolidate the technical and theoretical knowledge, learning and experience garnered during my two-year Witwatersrand University HPB Fellowship by being awarded an International Travel Fellowship by the courtesy of the sponsorship of the Oscar Norwich Foundation, together with the unwavering support and encouragement of the Gastro Foundation South Africa, organisations to whom I am profoundly grateful. The Travelling Fellowship enabled me to spend a period of 10 weeks in Mumbai, India at the Global Hospitals Mumbai and the Tata Memorial Hospital from October to December 2018
Subject(s)
Fellowships and Scholarships , Foundations , Gastroenterology , South AfricaABSTRACT
On the 1st of February, a pristine day at Spier in the Cape ushered in the 10th annual Gastro Foundation Fellows meeting. The preceding meetings promised and delivered not only invaluable academic preparation for fellows sitting for the exit exams in various fields of gastroenterology, but the opportunity to network and form enduring friendships. This meeting would prove no different